How to Take Care of Mums Outside

Chrysanthemums, commonly known as mums, are beautiful flowering plants that bring vibrant color to outdoor spaces, especially in the fall. Taking proper care of mums outdoors helps keep them healthy and ensures they bloom as long as possible. This guide provides a thorough look into everything you need to know for cultivating thriving outdoor mums, from planting tips to essential care routines.

Choosing the Right Mums for Outdoor Planting

There are two primary types of mums: garden mums and florist mums. Garden mums are hardy perennials, well-suited for outdoor planting, while florist mums are typically grown as annuals and may not survive the winter. When buying mums, look for healthy plants with tight buds rather than those in full bloom; this will prolong their flowering period once planted outdoors. Hardy varieties like Sheffield and Mammoth mums often fare better in outdoor environments, especially in colder regions.

Planting Mums Outdoors: Timing and Location

Best Time to Plant

To ensure that mums have time to establish strong roots, plant them outdoors in early fall. This gives them a chance to acclimate to cooler temperatures and promotes better blooming. Planting during cooler months reduces the stress of heat on the plants and helps them adapt more effectively.

Ideal Sunlight and Location

Mums thrive in full sunlight, needing about six hours of direct light per day. Choose a sunny spot with good air circulation to prevent mildew and fungal diseases. In hot climates, it may be beneficial to select a location with some afternoon shade to protect the plants from the intense sun.

Soil Preparation and Planting Techniques

Mums require well-draining soil to prevent root rot, which is common when soil retains too much moisture. Here’s how to prepare the soil for optimal mum growth:

• Soil Mix: Add organic matter like compost to improve drainage and provide nutrients. Aim for slightly acidic to neutral pH levels (6.5 to 7.0).
• Spacing: Space mums about 18 to 24 inches apart, allowing room for air circulation and healthy root expansion.
• Planting Depth: Plant mums at the same depth as in their nursery pots. Avoid burying them too deep, as it can lead to rotting stems.

Watering Mums for Optimal Growth

Consistent moisture is crucial for mums, but avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root diseases. Water deeply, ensuring the soil remains moist without becoming soggy. For potted mums, allow the water to drain fully before placing the pots back in their location. During dry periods, water outdoor mums about one inch per week, checking the soil regularly.

A helpful trick is to water mums from the base by setting the pots in a tray with water for about 20 minutes, allowing the roots to absorb moisture from below. This method keeps the foliage dry, reducing the risk of fungal issues.

Fertilizing Outdoor Mums

Fertilize mums monthly during their growing season with a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 mix. Apply the fertilizer after watering to help nutrients reach the roots more effectively. Avoid fertilizing mums in late fall, as it may encourage growth that isn’t hardy enough to withstand cold weather.

Mulching for Temperature Regulation and Moisture Retention

Mulching helps maintain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and protect mums’ roots from temperature fluctuations. Apply a 2 to 3-inch layer of organic mulch, such as straw or shredded leaves, around the base of the plant. This is especially beneficial in colder climates where winter protection is crucial for mums to survive until spring.

Pruning and Deadheading Mums

Pruning mums in early summer encourages bushier growth and more blooms. Cut back one-third of the plant’s height in late spring or early summer, and pinch off any early flower buds. This encourages the plant to focus its energy on growth, resulting in fuller blooms later.

Deadheading, or removing spent flowers, is also essential to prolong blooming. By cutting off faded blooms, you stimulate the plant to produce new flowers, extending its decorative appeal throughout the season.

Protection Against Cold Weather

As temperatures start to dip, especially in areas with frosty winters, additional steps may be needed to protect mums:

• Winter Mulch: Apply an extra layer of mulch around the plant base after the first frost to insulate the roots.
• Covering Plants: In severe cold, cover mums with burlap or frost cloth to shield them from freezing winds.
• Relocation: For potted mums, consider moving them to a sheltered area, such as a garage or shed, during extremely cold nights. Keep them just above freezing, as mums in full dormancy can withstand light frosts.

Managing Pests and Diseases

Mums are relatively low-maintenance but can be affected by common garden pests and diseases. Here are some ways to keep them healthy:

• Aphids and Spider Mites: These pests can be managed with insecticidal soap or by rinsing leaves with water.
• Fungal Diseases: Prevent fungal issues like mildew by watering at the base and ensuring good air circulation. Avoid overhead watering to keep foliage dry.
• Preventative Care: Regularly inspect mums for signs of pests or disease. Early detection and treatment keep the plants healthier and minimize the need for chemical treatments.

Transitioning Mums for the Next Season

Once mums finish blooming, you can prepare them for next year:

• Cut Back: After the first frost, cut back the foliage to about 6 inches above the ground.
• Winterize: Apply a thick layer of mulch to protect the roots, particularly if you live in a colder zone.
• Spring Care: In spring, remove the mulch once temperatures stabilize. Begin watering and fertilizing as needed to encourage new growth.

When to Replace Mums

Outdoor mums typically last a few seasons, depending on care and climate. Garden mums, especially perennial types, can last longer with proper maintenance. If a mum plant becomes leggy or fails to bloom well after two or three years, consider replacing it for a fresher, healthier plant.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you can enjoy vibrant, long-lasting mums outdoors that add beauty and charm to your garden or porch. From selecting the right mums and preparing the soil to maintaining consistent watering and pruning, each aspect of care contributes to healthier, more resilient plants. Whether you’re growing mums as perennials or treating them as annuals, a bit of care goes a long way in maximizing their bloom period and ensuring a flourishing display throughout the fall season.